Physical Milestones
0-4 months 50-300 ml/day urine production
0-7 years PMI (point of maximum impulse of heart) located at 3rd or 4th intercostal space, just left of midclavicular line
0-2 years respiration rate 24 to 34 respirations per minute
0-1 years pulse rate 135 ± 3.1
0-1 year blood pressure 90 ± 25 systolic, 61 ± 19 diastolic
0-1 year pulse 70-180, respiration 30-40
0-1 year temperature : 99.6F rectal, 98.6F oral, 97.4F axillary
0-1 year PaO2 85-100, PaCO2 35-45
0-15 months eliminates urine & feces automatically; may need up to 30 diapers a day as newborn
0-2 1/2 years naps easily
2 months weight gain between 1 lb. 4 oz. and 1 lb. 12 oz.
2 months height gain of 2 inches
2 months a 1-inch increase of head circumference
2 months closure of posterior fontanel
2 months doll's eye reflex, dance reflex, grasp reflex, and crawling reflex disappearing
Grasp reflex: The infant will try to grasp a finger placed in the infant's open palm. Attempting to remove the finger causes the grip to tighten.
Crawling reflex: The infant will make crawling motions when placed on abdomen.
2 months hands are frequently open
2 months less head lag
2 months when on stomach, able to lift head almost 45 degrees
2 months decreased flexion of extremities while on stomach
4 months the average child should weigh 14 lb. height 25 in. (weight gain between 2 lb. 8 oz. and 3 lb. 8 oz. and a height gain of 4 inches from 2 months)
4 months - 2 years 350-550 ml/day urine production
4 months a 2 inch increase of head circumference from 2 month old size
4 months Moro reflex, tonic reflex, rooting reflex, and Perez reflex disappearing
Moro reflex: If the infant's weight is removed by lifting it's body slightly and releasing suddenly. The infant should have a "startled" look, and fling it's arms out sideways with the palms up and the thumbs flexed.
Tonic reflex or fencer's position: The tonic neck reflex is elicited when the head of a relaxed child, lying supine, is rotated to the side. The arm toward which the infant is facing extends straight away from the body with the hand partially open while the arm on the side away from the face is flexed and the fist is clenched tightly. Reversing the direction in which the face is turned reverses the position.
Rooting reflex: If the cheek is stroked the infant will turn toward the side that was stroked and begin to make sucking motions with its mouth.
4 months almost no head lag while in a sitting position
4 months able to sit straight up if propped
4 months able to raise head 90 degrees when placed on stomach
4 months able to roll from back to one side
4 months tries to reach objects with hands, but commonly overshoots
4 months plays with rattle when placed in hands, but unable to pick it up if dropped
4 months grasps rattle with both hands
4 months able to place objects in mouth
5-9 months lower central incisors (2) [deciduous]
6 months accommodation (pupil dilation for distant objects) present
6 months the average child should weigh 18 lb. height 26 1/2 in.
6 months should have doubled birth weight
6 months height gain of 6 inches
6 months a 3-inch increase of head circumference
6 months able to lift chest and head while on stomach bearing the weight on hand
6 months able to sit in a high chair with a straight back
6 months beginning of teething
6 months increased drooling
6 months beginning of Landau reflex
Landau reflex: when an infant is held in the prone position, the entire body forms a convex upward arc; gentle pressure on the head or gravity flexes the neck and hip, reversing the arc.
6 months able to bear almost all weight when supported in a standing position
6 months able to roll from back onto abdomen
6 months able to hold own bottle
6 months able to pick up a dropped object
6-7 months palmar grasp reflex disappears
6 -12 months sleeps 10-12 hours per night & 20min. to 3 hours daytime naps
8 months the average child should weigh 20 lb. height 27 in.
8-12 months upper central incisors (2) [deciduous]
8-12 months sit up strongly without support
8-12 months creep and pull himself up
8-12 months begin to use one hand more than the other
8-12 months begin chopped foods
8-12 months make sounds like da-da and ma-ma
9 months weight should increase by 2 lb. 4 oz. to 3 lb. 12 oz.
9 months height gain of 1 ½ inches since 6 months old
9 months bowel and bladder systems become more regulated
9 months parachute reflex appears
Parachute reflex: If the child is held upright and the body is rotated quickly face forward as if falling. The arms are reflexively extended as if to break a fall to protect self from falling.
9 months crawls
9 months can remain sitting for prolonged periods
9 months may pull self to standing position
9 months begins preference for dominant hand
9 months has a pincer grasp between thumb and index finger
9-12 months plantar reflex disappears
Plantar reflex: If the sole of the foot is irritated with an object, the infant's toes will contract
9-12 months neck righting reflex disappears
Neck righting reflex: The infant will rotate the truck in the direction in which the head of the supine infant is turned
10 months the average child should weigh 22 lb. height 29 in.
10-12 months upper lateral incisors (2) [deciduous]
Sensory and Cognitive Milestones
2 months searches to locate sounds
2 months head turns from side to side with auditory stimulation at the level of the ear
2 months beginning to visually fix on close objects
2 months crying becomes differentiated
2 months coos
2 months vocal response to familiar voices
2 months smiles in response to stimuli
4 months close vision well established
4 months eye-hand coordination beginning
4 months can make the consonant sounds: n, k, p, g, b
4 months laughs out loud
4 months anticipates feeding when able to see a bottle (if bottle-fed)
4 months begins to show memory
4 months demands attention by fussing
6 months vision has improved to between 20/60 and 20/40
6 months can localize sounds not made in a direct plane with the ear
6 months prefers more complex auditory stimulation
6 months starts to imitate sounds
6 months sounds resemble one-syllable words
6 months enjoys hearing own voice
6 months makes sounds to mirror and toys
6 months begins to fear strangers
6 months recognizes parents
6 months begins to imitate actions
6 months begins to realize that if an object is dropped it is still there and just needs to be picked up
9 months development of depth perception
9 months can respond to simple commands
9 months understands the meaning of no
9 months may be afraid of being left alone
Language Milestones
Recognizes name
Says 2-3 words besides "mama" and "dada"
Imitates familiar words
Understands simple instructions
Recognizes words as symbols for objects: Car - points to garage, cat - meows
Social/Behavioral Milestones
0-1 month Indefinite gaze at surroundings. Listens to sounds. Watches Mother's face when she feeds or talks to him.
3-4 months Spontaneous smile. Brings hands together and watches them. Pulls clothes over face when he plays. Recognizes feeding bottle.
5-6 months Puts everything in mouth. Plays with toes and grasps feet. Pats bottle with both hands when being fed. Smiles or talks to image in mirror.
7-8 months Pats image of self in mirror. Feeds self cracker. Holds bottle. Responds to name.
9-10 months Puts hands around cup. Plays peekaboo. Shows shyness, fear of strangers, and clings to familiar persons. May not want to be left by mother.
12 months Waves good-bye and pat-a-cakes. Cooperative with dress. Holds arm or leg out. Gives toys upon request. Drinks from cup without help.
This article is extracted from : http://understanding.infantilism.org/chart.php#ThreetoFourSoBe